Water-Based Chemical Self Defense Spray
Understanding the Chemistry Behind Less-Lethal REPULS
REPULS is formulated to Deter Disrupt Delay™ perpetrators with painful eye irritation and other sensory irritants without permanent injury.
- REPULS is made up of water, ammonium propionate, propionic acid, ammonium citrate and a surfactant. “Ammonium” indicates a buffered form of the acid with a more neutral pH.
- Ammonium propionate (AP) is the second major component of REPULS after water. It is used as an antiseptic, antifungal agent, preservative and antimould agent in the food and feed industries. Ammonium propionate also prevents spoilage of cosmetics by preventing bacterial growth.
- Propionic acid is produced when bacteria ferment sugars such as glucose. The propionic bacteria found naturally in human sweat glands and human intestines produce propionic acid and carbon dioxide in a fermentation reaction.
- Propionic acid is beneficial to the human body and may play a role in satiety and energy homeostasis by specific mechanisms including activation of free fatty acid receptors, reducing lipogenesis level and glucose homeostasis. Small quantities of propionic acid are used as a commercial antimicrobial agent (E 280) in many foods such as dairy products, for example, to produce the characteristic holes and nutty flavor in Swiss-type cheese.
REPULS REPULS REPULS REPULS
Comparing pH Levels
The pH of Coca-Cola is 2.3 due to phosphoric acid. REPULS is less acidic (milder) than Coca-Cola at 5.6 pH, and also less acidic than orange juice, coffee, or tomatoes.
REPULS™ Data Sheet
For more technical information on our chemical defense spray technology, please read through our data sheet
- Causes involuntary closure of the eyes
- Causes irritation to the nose, lungs, and throat
- Stings the skin
- Has a strong, sharp, pungent smell as the solution evaporates
- Is a water-based organic solution
- Is easy to mitigate irritations by flushing face and skin with water
- Is easy to clean up by diluting with water and detergent and removing diluted water
- Is NOT flammable
Better Than Pepper Spray
Comparing Pepper Spray to REPULS
PEPPER SPRAY
Benefiting Law Enforcement’s Safety during Confrontation
Highly irritating to eyes, nose, and skin
Target specific – no back spray when used
Water-based, mitigates in minutes when diluted with water
Irritating agent is in the stream and remains until dry
No debilitating contamination, easy to clean up if spilled
Safe to use indoors and in vehicles without contamination
Better Than Pepper Spray
Comparing Pepper Spray to REPULS
Highly irritating to eyes, nose, throat, skin
Target specific – no back spray when used
Water-based, mitigates in minutes when diluted with water
Irritating agent is in the stream and remains until dry
No debilitating contamination, easy to clean up if spilled
Safe to use indoors and in vehicles without contamination
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